The Gini Coefficient calculated based on the Lorenz Curve is an ideal index for measuring the extent of inequality. The Gini coefficient was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.. For the first time in 12 years, China this month officially reported its Gini coefficient for income inequality for 2012 and retrospectively for the past . China's income inequality is in large measure due to the rural-urban gap and . The more unequal a country's income distribution, the higher its Gini index, e.g., a Sub-Saharan country with an index of 50. China's Gini coefficient for income peaked at 0.49 in 2008 before falling to 0.47 in 2020, according to the nation's statistics bureau. With annual growth rates averaging 10 per cent over the past 30 years, China has become the world's fastest-growing major economy and the second largest economy overall behind the US. 1, we show our estimates of the Gini coefficient of family income for recent years in China from the seven new sources discussed above, represented by red . The chapter's analytical framework consists of two parts. The World Bank considers a coefficient above 0.40 to represent severe income . In 1980, the Gini coefficient in urban China was as low as 0.16, but the nationwide Gini coefficient was around 0.3, higher than other socialist economies at that time (28, 29). The Gini coefficient is one of the most frequently used measures of economic inequality. Though many studies have tried to overcome these limitations through decomposing the nationwide Gini ratio by urban and rural areas, the final results have been underestimated, due to the overlap term or residual in the . (2008), 2003-2012 from the National Bureau of Statistics. This international From a comparative perspective, other large developing or middle-income countries, such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia, also exhibit similar patterns of large regional . A Gini coefficient of 0 expresses perfect equality, with all units receiving an equal share. In 2008 even larger inequalities are found among urban migrants and urban locals, who . It is also described as the gap between rich and poor, income inequality, wealth disparity, wealth and income differences, or the wealth gap. The first is to decompose the Gini coefficient by income source, and the . Hu hypothesized that the generalized beta distribution of the second kind (GB2) had the best fitting effect and estimated China's Gini coefficient from 1985 to 2009. The empirical results showed that B2 enjoyed the best fitting effect, in view of which the Gini coefficient of China's resident income was calculated. Abstract. This study proposes a new approach to analyse the effects of an overlap term on the calculation of the overall Gini coefficient and estimates China's Gini ratios since the adoption of the economic reform and open-door policies. The Gini coefficient or Gini index is a statistical measure of distribution representing the income or wealth of a country's residents. The Gini coefficient at the county level ranged from 0.161 to 0.626, with 0.362 being the median. The results show that the original environmental Gini coefficient of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was greater than 0.2, indicating that the allocation of water governance . The China has not made its Gini coefficient public since 2000. "When I see how excellent the motherland is . Gini index (World Bank estimate) - China World Bank, Development Research Group. As a benchmark, 0.39 is the Gini coefficient in Iceland before redistribution. Jan 20, 2013. 1 The official estimates of the Gini coefficients for the years 2003 to 2012 were provided by the Director of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) at a press conference in January 2013. Some experts estimate that the income gap is wider because . For China as a whole, a number of different estimates of the Gini coefficients are available from different sources. China's Gini coefficient stood at 0.474 in 2012, down from 0.477 in 2011 and from a peak of 0.491 in 2008, Ma said. After China's official Gini coefficient reached 0.412 in 2000, its National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) stopped releasing the data, saying "income data for wealthy households was incomplete." But a couple of months after a Chinese university reported China's Gini coefficient reached 0.61 in 2012, the NBS started releasing the . World Bank estimates of the Gini coefficient - an economic measure showing the level of income inequality in a country - put China among the most . As the graph below shows, over the past 25 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 43.70 in 2010 and a minimum value of 32.20 in 1990. Coefficients available in the database range from 0.21 (distribution of national income in Urban China in the 1980s) to more than 0.9 (capital income in the US and distribution of wealth in France in the 19th century), which shows how economic inequality varies greatly across time and space. income disparity. In 1820, the global Gini coefficient was 0.50, and in 1980 and 1992, the figure was 0.657. The most common gauge of income inequality is the Gini coefficient, which has become popular despite being hard to interpret. A . The Gini coefficient (or Gini index) is a statistical measure that . Answer (1 of 2): Because China is Capitalist not Communist, in a Communist society you wouldn't have Gini coefficients,China's Gini is comparative to the US which isn't surprising considering that Capitalism is a wealth accumulating system of society, obviously the fabulously rich means of produc. A coefficient of zero indicates a perfectly equal distribution of income or wealth. China's current Gini coefficient is 0.47; that number should be lowered to 0.4 by 2025 and get to 0.35 "or at least significantly below 0.4" by 2035, added Cai, who is a member of the . S80/S20 is the ratio of the average income of the 20% richest to the 20% poorest; P90/P10 is the ratio . According to the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), in 2010 China's overall Gini coefficient was 0.61. The Gini Coefficient ranges between 0 and 1 (or it can also be expressed as a number from 0 to 100) and is given by the ratio of the areas: If A = 0, it means the Lorenz Curve is actually the Line of Equality. Sonali Jain-Chandra published a striking chart on income inequality in China on the IMF blog - which is based on a recently issued working paper.It shows that the Gini coefficient has risen by 15 points since 1990 to 50: that is a big change, even though some increase in inequality could have been expected as the level of development improved. China's Gini Coefficient data is updated yearly, averaging 0.474 NA from Dec 2003 to 2019. 1, 2, 3 and 5 as the most equal societies and their respective GINI coefficient are 0.247, 0.249, 0.25 and 0 . Latest numbers for economic inequality, which is the difference in how assets, wealth, or income are distributed among individuals and/or populations. "We're in the front of the rankings," one user wrote. China's Gini coefficient is 0.55, compared with 0.5 for the United States and a global average of 0.44 (ref. In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of demographic distribution with the aim of projecting the income of a nation's populace. Because the target of this study was the 31 province-level administrative areas in China, the Gini coefficient scores in this study represent only inter-province differences, and the disparities present within each province are not included. We introduce the Gini coefficient to assess the rationality of land use structure. World. It was not until an economist claimed that the Gini coefficient had reached the shockingly high level of 0.61 that the NBS, in early 2013, released the Gini coefficients for recent years, which were slightly under 0.5 (2, 9). A Gini coefficient of zero expresses perfect equality, where all values are the same (e.g. In economics, the Gini coefficient (/ ˈ dʒ iː n i / JEE-nee), also the Gini index and the Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality within a nation or a social group. where everyone has the same income). A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative . World Economics subscribers can view, download and compare data quality for 150+ countries. They found that the Gini coefficient for family income in China is now around 0.55 compared to 0.45 in the U.S. The average Gini coefficient of China in recent decade (2004-2013) is 0.482, which close to the dangerous line 0.5. Keywords: Gini Coefficient, China, Income Disparity, Inequality, Migration JEL Classification: D63, I32 Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation This can be used to determine risk and inform investment decisions. According to the most recent data, the following countries have the highest levels of income inequality: South Africa 62.7. Zimbabwe. China's Gini coefficient was 0.412 in 2000, and the value climbed up to 0.465 in 2004 as reported by National Statistic Bureau (NSB). The World Development Indicators (WDI) is the statistical benchmark that helps measure the progress of development. In this case, the Gini Coefficient is 0 and it means there is "perfect" distribution of income (everyone earns the same amount). In Northern Europe, for example, within-country Gini coefficients after taxes and transfers are below 0.28. Incomes are more equally distributed and fewer people are poor where social spending is high: the Nordic countries and western European countries, such as Austria, Belgium . Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, GINI coefficient, well-being, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality., Gini coefficients, poverty rates, income, etc. The GInI CoeffICIenT for household InCome In ChInA The Gini coefficient is an economic indicator measuring household income distribution. Figure 1 Income Inequality in China, 1981-2012 Sources: Gini coefficients for the years 1986-2001 are from Ravallion and Chen (2007), 2002 from Gustafsson et al. In 2012, the Chinese government refused to release the country's Gini coefficient. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. In 2017, China reached a Gini coefficient of 46.7 (0.467) points. The news was taken to suggest that China was in a leading position globally. Analyzing comparable survey data collected in 2010 in China and the United States, we examine social determinants that help explain China's high income inequality. China is now the least equal 25 percent of countries one of worldwide, a group to which very few Asian countries belong (Sicular, 2014) (Annex Tables 2 and 3). A Gini coefficient of 1 means maximal inequality where one unit has all of the resources.

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